Addictive Disorders & Addiction Therapy

Bipolar disorder, previously called as manic depression.It is a mood disorder categorized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated happiness that last from days to weeks each. If the important mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is known as mania; if it is less severe, it is known hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy or irritable,and they often make impulsive choices with little regard for the significances. There is typically also a reduced need for sleep during manic phases. During periods of depression, the separable may experience crying and have a negative outlook on life and poor eye contact with others. 

Bipolar disorder, previously called as manic depression.It is a mood disorder categorized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally-elevated happiness that last from days to weeks each. If the important mood is severe or associated with psychosis, it is known as mania; if it is less severe, it is known hypomania. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy or irritable,and they often make impulsive choices with little regard for the significances. There is typically also a reduced need for sleep during manic phases.During periods of depression, the separable may experience crying and have a negative outlook on life and poor eye contact with others. 

Addiction is a treatable, on-going clinical affliction including complex co-tasks among mind circuits, innate characteristics, the environment, and an individual's instructive experiences. People with propensity use substances or partake in practices that become excited and routinely continue despite perilous results. It is a multidisciplinary science that joins physiology, life structures, nuclear science, developmental science, cytology, mathematical showing, and mind exploration to appreciate the essential and rising properties of neurons.

According to World Drugs report for 2012, 230 million people around the world 1 in 20 in US took illicit drugs in the last year. The report also says that problem drug users, mainly heroin and cocaine-dependent people number about 27 million, roughly 0.6% of the world adult population. That’s 1 in every 200 people. The harmful use of alcohol results in 3.3 million deaths each year. On average every person in the world aged 15 years or older drinks 6.2 litres of pure alcohol per year. Less than half the population (38.3%) actually drinks alcohol, this means that those who do drink consume on average 17 litres of pure alcohol annually. At least 15.3 million persons have drug use disorders. Injecting drug use reported in 148 countries, of which 120 report HIV infection among this population. Current Addiction Reports offers expert reviews on the latest progress on the prevention, assessment and diagnosis, and treatment of addiction.

Stress is a complex condition with emotional, cognitive, and biological factors. Excessive stress causes long- and short-term disability in the various human systems, and activates the defence system of the central nervous system. The stress responses differ depending on the type of stress and the individual's physiological responses. These latter responses consist of neuro-endocrine and behavioral responses, and include the changes in the activity and immune function of the Hypothalamo Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis. Stress and anxiety often lead to insomnia and sleep problems.

Sleep is an important component of human homeostasis. Sleep disorders are closely associated with significant medical, psychological and social disturbances. Chronic sleep restriction is an increasing problem in many countries. Since the body's stress systems play a critical role in adapting to a continuously changing and challenging environment, it is an important question whether these systems are affected by sleep loss.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting 20 million people worldwide. Schizophrenia is characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self and behaviour. Common experiences include hallucinations (hearing voices or seeing things that are not there) and delusions (fixed false beliefs). People with schizophrenia are 2-3 times more likely to die early than the general population. When coupled with substance addiction, these two conditions can be dangerous and even deadly. This co-occurrence has been a heavily debated topic for decades. Most researchers feel substances such as drugs and alcohol do not cause schizophrenia; instead, people living with mental illness use substances as a coping mechanism. However, some researchers have also concluded that it could occur the other way around and have found that substance abuse can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder that can cause above-normal levels of hyperactive and impulsive behaviors. People with ADHD may also have trouble focusing their attention on a single task or sitting still for long periods of time. Both adults and children can have ADHD.

The risk for developing an addiction is exceptionally high during the adolescent and young adult years, and worldwide families and communities are suffering because of addiction's widespread impact. An overwhelming majority of those addicted to illicit drugs like opium, heroin and cheaper synthetic substances fall between 15 and 35 years old. Studies indicate that young people are four times more likely to become addicts. As we grow up, brain determines which biochemical it needs to stay healthy. The most important of these chemicals called Neurotransmitters. They play a major role in everyday functions like eating, sleeping and overall mood. When drugs are introduced to a developing mind, the brain may mistake the substances as important neurotransmitters. The brain then programs itself to depend on these substances to perform certain functions, causing the individual to crave drugs.

Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin or amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and cease substance abuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and physical consequences that can be caused, especially by extreme abuse. Treatment includes medication for depression or other disorders, counseling by experts and sharing of experience with other addicts.

Recovery is a lifelong process of improving health and well-being while living independently. Many people suffering from addiction achieve sobriety. Recovery is more difficult. It involves changing your outlook on life, your behavior and in some cases your environment. Recovery is different for everyone. It’s a highly individualized process that is influenced by numerous factors, including the type, severity and duration of addiction. Everyone can recover from addiction. It starts with a desire for change and a belief that you can overcome the disease. With effective treatment, a safe environment and support, you can live a more fulfilling life.

Addictive disorders, such as substance abuse and dependence, are common disorders that involve the overuse of alcohol and drugs. Addiction develops over time and is a chronic and relapsing illness. In most cases, people with addictions frequently suffer from a mental illness, such as depression, anxiety or another disorder. Addictive disorders are caused by multiple factors, including genetic vulnerability, environmental stressors, social pressures, individual personality characteristics and psychiatric problems.

From a neurological standpoint, addictive disorders arise when a substance changes the way the user’s brain feels pleasure. Addictive substances alter the brain’s ability to send and receive chemicals called neurotransmitters, which cause pleasure. The addictive substances can prevent nerves in the brain (called neurons) from receiving these neurotransmitters, meaning the drug user relies on the drug, rather than his or her natural brain chemicals, for feelings of pleasure.

Behavioral neuroscience, moreover known as natural brain research, biopsychology, or psychobiology, is the application of the standards of science to the ponder of physiological, hereditary, and formative instruments of behavior in people and other animals. Behavioral neuroscience as a logical teach developed from an assortment of logical and philosophical conventions within the 18th and 19th centuries. In reasoning, individuals like Rene Descartes proposed physical models to clarify creature as well as human behavior. Descartes proposed that the pineal organ, a midline unpaired structure within the brain of numerous life forms, was the point of contact between intellect and body. Descartes moreover explained on a hypothesis in which the pneumatics of real liquids might clarify reflexes and other engine behavior. This hypothesis was motivated by moving statues in a plant in Paris. Electrical incitement and injuries can too appear the influence of engine behavior of people. They can record the electrical movement of activities, hormones, chemicals and impacts drugs have within the body framework all which influence ones every day behavior.

Child psychology is one of the many branches of psychology and one of the most frequently studied specialty areas. This particular branch focuses on the mind and behavior of children from prenatal development through adolescence. Child psychology deals not only with how children grow physically, but with their mental, emotional, and social development as well. The major subjects that are essential to the study of child psychology are Cognitive development, Environmental influences, Gender Roles, Genetics, Language, Personality development, Prenatal development, Social Growth, Sexual Development.

Mental health in childhood means reaching developmental and emotional milestones, and learning healthy social skills and how to cope when there are problems. Mental health problems affect about 1 in 10 children and young people. They include depression, anxiety and conduct disorder, and are often a direct response to what is happening in their lives. Neuropsychiatric conditions are the leading cause of disability in young people in all regions. The emotional wellbeing of children is just as important as their physical health. Good mental health allows children and young people to develop the resilience to cope with whatever life throws at them and grow into well-rounded, healthy adults.

Drugs are chemical substances that can change how your body and mind work. Drug Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences. It is considered a brain disorder, because it involves functional changes to brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control. The brain changes from addiction can be lasting, so drug addiction is considered a "relapsing" disease. This means that people in recovery are at risk for taking drugs again, even after years of not taking them. Those changes may last a long time after a person has stopped taking drugs. There are a wide variety of addictive substances that exist, but the most common types are classified under six main categories: alcohol, benzodiazepines, illicit drugs, opiates, sleeping pills and stimulants.

Behavioral addictions or non-substance addictions, like gambling addiction, are a set of behaviors that a person becomes dependent on and craves. This is also known as Non-Substance Addictions or addictive behaviors, there are certain actions out there that people have found to be addictive. These can include Food, Gaming, Plastic Surgery, Sex, Social Media, Gambling, Internet, Risks, Shopping, Pornograpy. Behavioral addictions have similar effects to substance addictions on relationships, which are often neglected in favour of the addictive behavior, undermining trust and putting pressure on partners and other family members to cover up and make up for difficulties arising from the addiction.

Addiction is a multifaceted problem, but one that can be treated effectively. Addiction therapy methodologies and related researches help addicted individuals stopping compulsive drug seeking and use. Medications can be an important part of treatment to address drug abuse or the mental health aspects underlying substance use. Counseling and behavioral therapies are highly utilized and the best available treatment options for drug abuse. Addiction treatment and enhancing skills of individuals involved in addiction therapy and research to regulate patient’s emotions to enhance readiness to stop addiction and turn their lives in a new direction. Moreover, there are enormous obstacles the doctors, counsellors and scientists face prominently in exploring the individual needs of each patient and providing opportunities to access diverse therapeutic options out in the community as well.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted or halted critical mental health services in 93% of countries worldwide while the demand for mental health is increasing, according to a new WHO survey. The survey of 130 countries provides the first global data showing the devastating impact of COVID-19 on access to mental health services and underscores the urgent need for increased funding. The main psychological impact to date is elevated rates of stress or anxiety. But as new measures and impacts are introduced especially quarantine and its effects on many people’s usual activities, routines or livelihoods levels of loneliness, depression, harmful alcohol and drug use, and self-harm or suicidal behaviour are also expected to rise.

Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of our life, if we experience mental health problems, our thinking, mood, and behaviour could be affected. Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry, Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse, Family history of mental health problems.

Addiction psychiatry is a medical sub specialty that focuses on the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals who suffer from one or a lot of mental illness or disorders associated with addiction. This might embody mental disorders involving legal and non-legal medicine, gambling, sex, food, and different impulse management disorders. Growing amounts of knowledge domain, like the health effects and coverings to habit, have led to advancements within the field of addiction.